fix: bound 429 retry_after and retry connection errors without a proxy (v0.1.5)

A server-controlled 429 retry_after/Retry-After was slept verbatim with no
finiteness check or ceiling, so an inf or huge value (adversarial or a
ms-vs-s unit mismatch) could stall send() for hours outside max_retries
accounting. Non-finite values are now rejected and finite values clamped
to MAX_RETRY_AFTER (300s).

Connection/timeout errors with no proxy provider set failed one-shot,
contradicting the README's documented "normal retry" behavior and skipping
the single most retry-worthy failure class. They now raise the internal
_Retryable signal so commons.aretry retries them under max_retries, same
as a 5xx, while still returning a failed WebhookResult (never raising)
once retries are exhausted.

Signed-off-by: disqualifier <dev@disqualifier.me>

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # claude
-CLAUDE.md
+.claude/
 
 # python
 __pycache__/

README.md

@@ -13,13 +13,16 @@ send to the core — inheriting rotation, proxy, retry, and result for free.
 ## Install
 
 ```
-aiowebhooks @ git+ssh://git@git.rethinkstudios.io/rethink-public/aiowebhooks.git@v0.1.0
+aiowebhooks @ git+ssh://git@git.rethinkstudios.io/rethink-public/aiowebhooks.git@v0.1.5
 # discord embeds / identity helpers need the extra:
-aiowebhooks[discord] @ git+ssh://git@git.rethinkstudios.io/rethink-public/aiowebhooks.git@v0.1.0
+aiowebhooks[discord] @ git+ssh://git@git.rethinkstudios.io/rethink-public/aiowebhooks.git@v0.1.5
 ```
 
-The base pulls `aiohttp`. Only `aiowebhooks[discord]` adds `discord.py` (>=2.3,
+The base pulls `aiohttp` and `commons` (for the retry/backoff engine). Only
-mainline — not discord.py-self), and only for `DiscordWebhook`.
+`aiowebhooks[discord]` adds `discord.py` (>=2.3, mainline — not discord.py-self), and
+only for `DiscordWebhook`.
+
+Drop the `@v0.1.5` suffix from the line above to install the latest unpinned.
 
 ## Core sender
 
@@ -47,7 +50,9 @@ Webhook(
 ```
 
 Inject a shared `session` for throughput (one session per process); without one, each
-send opens and closes its own.
+send opens and closes its own. A single `Webhook` instance is safe to drive from many
+concurrent `send()` calls — each call tracks its own attempt count, so concurrent sends
+don't corrupt each other's `WebhookResult.attempts`.
 
 ## WebhookResult
 
@@ -65,12 +70,23 @@ result.proxy     # canonical proxy string used (host:port:user:pass / host:port)
 
 ## Retry & rate limits
 
-- **429** — waits the `retry_after` from the body first (Discord sends seconds), then
+Status retries run through `commons.aretry` (exponential backoff + cap):
-  the `Retry-After` header, then retries; capped by `max_retries`.
+
-- **5xx** — retried, capped by `max_retries`.
+- **429** — always retried, capped by `max_retries`. When a wait is parseable (body
+  `retry_after` first — Discord sends seconds — then the `Retry-After` header) it sleeps
+  that value before retrying; a 429 with no parseable wait (edge/Cloudflare/generic
+  webhook) still retries under aretry's backoff rather than failing one-shot. A
+  non-finite value (`inf`/`nan`) is rejected outright and a finite value is clamped to
+  `MAX_RETRY_AFTER` (300s) — a server-controlled wait can never stall a `send()` past
+  that ceiling, however large or malformed the value it sends.
+- **5xx** — retried with exponential backoff, capped by `max_retries`.
+- **connection/timeout errors** — retried with exponential backoff, capped by
+  `max_retries`, same as a 5xx (with no proxy provider; see below for the
+  proxy-rotation path).
 - **4xx** (other than 429) — fails immediately (no retry), returned as `ok=False`.
 
-Exceeding a cap returns a failed result rather than looping.
+Exceeding a cap returns a failed result rather than looping — and the result carries the
+**real** last status/body (not a synthetic placeholder).
 
 ## Proxy rotation (optional, duck-typed)
 
@@ -91,9 +107,11 @@ result = await wh.send(payload)   # sends through pm.get(); on a timeout/connect
 ```
 
 On a timeout/connection error the current proxy is burned and the next is tried, up to
-`max_proxy_retries`. A provider `ProxiesExhaustedError` (or hitting the cap) returns a
+`max_proxy_retries`. Hitting the cap, or **any exception from the provider's
-failed result — never an infinite loop. With no provider, a timeout just fails after
+`get()`/`burn()`** (the provider is duck-typed and never imported, so its exception
-normal retry.
+types can't be caught by class), returns a failed result — never an infinite loop, never
+an escape. With no provider, a timeout/connection error is retried directly under
+`max_retries` (the same cap and backoff a 5xx gets) instead of burn+rotate.
 
 ## Discord (`aiowebhooks[discord]`)
 
@@ -124,12 +142,56 @@ Without the extra installed, importing `aiowebhooks` still works; constructing o
 
 - Every send returns a `WebhookResult`; the core never raises on a send failure and
   never prints. Callers check `result.ok`.
-- v0.1.0 is JSON-only: **files/attachments, `tts`, and `allowed_mentions` are out**
+- JSON-only: **files/attachments, `tts`, and `allowed_mentions` are out** (deliberate
-  (deliberate scope cut, addable later). The Discord surface is content + embeds +
+  scope cut, addable later). The Discord surface is content + embeds + identity.
-  identity.
+- Rotation is round-robin only; try-next-on-failure across URLs is a later feature.
-- v0.1.0 rotation is round-robin only; try-next-on-failure across URLs is a later
+
-  feature.
+## Changelog
+
+### v0.1.5
+
+- **429 `retry_after` bounded:** a non-finite server-controlled wait (`inf`/`nan`, from
+  the body `retry_after` or the `Retry-After` header) is now rejected outright, and a
+  finite wait is clamped to `MAX_RETRY_AFTER` (300s). Previously a bare `float()` parse
+  slept the value verbatim, unbounded and outside `max_retries` accounting — an
+  adversarial or ms-vs-s-misconfigured server could stall a `send()` for hours.
+- **Connection/timeout errors now retry without a proxy provider:** previously
+  `aiohttp.ClientError`/`asyncio.TimeoutError` with no `proxies=` set failed one-shot,
+  contradicting both the README and the single most retry-worthy failure class. Now it
+  retries under `commons.aretry`'s backoff, capped by `max_retries`, same as a 5xx —
+  and still returns `ok=False` (never raises) once retries are exhausted. Proxy-rotation
+  behavior (burn + rotate, capped by `max_proxy_retries`) is unchanged when a provider
+  is set.
+
+### v0.1.4
+
+- **Never-raises net widened:** an unexpected exception that escapes a send attempt (a
+  closed injected session → `RuntimeError`, a malformed proxy URL → `ValueError`) now
+  converts to a falsy `WebhookResult(ok=False, ...)` instead of propagating out of
+  `send()`, restoring the documented contract for those edge triggers.
+
+### v0.1.3
+
+- **429 always retries:** every `429` is now retryable under aretry's backoff + cap, not
+  only those with a parseable `retry_after`. A 429 with no body `retry_after` and no
+  `Retry-After` header (edge/Cloudflare/generic webhook) previously failed one-shot.
+
+### v0.1.2
+
+- Removed a dead `clock` constructor param (it was stored but never used). Pinned
+  `commons` to v0.2.1.
+
+### v0.1.1
+
+- **Never-raises contract hardened:** an error from a duck-typed proxy provider's
+  `get()`/`burn()` (e.g. `aioproxies.burn()` raising `ValueError` for an unknown proxy)
+  used to escape `send()`. Now any provider exception is caught and converted to a
+  failed result.
+- **Retry via `commons.aretry`:** 429/5xx retry moved onto the shared backoff engine —
+  5xx now backs off (was a tight no-backoff loop), and exhausted retries return the
+  **real** last status/body instead of a synthetic placeholder. Adds a `commons`
+  dependency.
 
 ## Versioning
 
-Tagged `vX.Y.Z`. Pin the tag.
+Releases are tagged `vX.Y.Z`. The install line above pins a release; drop the `@vX.Y.Z` suffix to install the latest unpinned. Pin deliberately for reproducible installs.

pyproject.toml

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"
 
 [project]
 name = "aiowebhooks"
-version = "0.1.1"
+version = "0.1.5"
 description = "async webhook sender (aiohttp) with round-robin urls, retry, and proxy rotation; optional discord.py embeds"
 requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "aiohttp>=3.9",
-    "commons @ git+ssh://git@git.rethinkstudios.io/rethink-public/commons.git@v0.2.0",
+    "commons @ git+ssh://git@git.rethinkstudios.io/rethink-public/commons.git@v0.2.1",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]

src/aiowebhooks/__init__.py

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ from .sender import Webhook
 
 __all__ = ["Webhook", "WebhookResult", "WebhookError", "NoUrlsError"]
 
-__version__ = "0.1.1"
+__version__ = "0.1.4"

src/aiowebhooks/sender.py

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 """core async webhook sender (aiohttp only, no discord knowledge).
 
 `Webhook` posts a JSON dict to a url (or round-robins a pool), handling 429/5xx
-retries and optional proxy rotation, and always returns a `WebhookResult` — it
+retries, connection/timeout retries, and optional proxy rotation, and always
-never raises on a send failure. the discord layer builds payloads and delegates
+returns a `WebhookResult` — it never raises on a send failure. the discord layer
-the actual POST here so it inherits rotation / proxy / retry / result.
+builds payloads and delegates the actual POST here so it inherits rotation / proxy
+/ retry / result.
+
+a 429's server-controlled `retry_after` wait is bounded: non-finite values
+(inf/nan) are rejected and finite values are clamped to `MAX_RETRY_AFTER`, so an
+adversarial or misconfigured server can never stall a send() past a bounded
+ceiling.
 """
 
 import asyncio
 import logging
-import time
+import math
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union
 from urllib.parse import unquote, urlsplit
 
@@ -20,6 +26,17 @@ from .result import WebhookResult
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+MAX_RETRY_AFTER = 300.0
+"""ceiling (seconds) honored from a server-controlled 429 retry_after/Retry-After
+
+a server can send an arbitrarily large or non-finite wait (float('inf'), a
+Cloudflare-scale value, or a ms-vs-s unit mismatch turning 5s into 5000s); sleeping
+that verbatim would stall a send() far past its ClientTimeout and outside
+max_retries accounting, breaking the 'always returns a WebhookResult' contract.
+non-finite values are rejected outright (treated as unparseable); finite values are
+clamped to this ceiling.
+"""
+
 
 class _Retryable(Exception):
     """internal signal: a retryable HTTP status (429/5xx); carries the response
@@ -50,12 +67,12 @@ def _proxy_string(proxies_dict: Optional[Dict[str, str]]) -> Optional[str]:
         if host is None:
             return None
         host = host.lower()
-        port = str(parts.port) if parts.port is not None else ""
+        hostport = f"{host}:{parts.port}" if parts.port is not None else host
         if parts.username:
             user = unquote(parts.username)
             password = unquote(parts.password) if parts.password is not None else ""
-            return f"{host}:{port}:{user}:{password}"
+            return f"{hostport}:{user}:{password}"
-        return f"{host}:{port}"
+        return hostport
     except ValueError:
         return None
 
@@ -72,7 +89,6 @@ class Webhook:
         timeout: float = 15,
         max_retries: int = 3,
         max_proxy_retries: int = 3,
-        clock=time.monotonic,
     ):
         self._urls = [urls] if isinstance(urls, str) else list(urls)
         if not self._urls:
@@ -82,7 +98,6 @@ class Webhook:
         self.timeout = timeout
         self.max_retries = max_retries
         self.max_proxy_retries = max_proxy_retries
-        self._clock = clock
         self._index = 0
 
     def _next_url(self) -> str:
@@ -93,18 +108,27 @@ class Webhook:
 
     @staticmethod
     def _retry_after(status: int, headers, body) -> Optional[float]:
-        """seconds to wait on a 429, from body retry_after then Retry-After header"""
+        """seconds to wait on a 429, from body retry_after then Retry-After header
+
+        non-finite values (inf/nan) are rejected as unparseable; finite values are
+        clamped to MAX_RETRY_AFTER so a server-controlled wait can never stall a
+        send() past a bounded ceiling.
+        """
         if status != 429:
             return None
         if isinstance(body, dict) and body.get("retry_after") is not None:
             try:
-                return float(body["retry_after"])
+                value = float(body["retry_after"])
+                if math.isfinite(value):
+                    return max(0.0, min(value, MAX_RETRY_AFTER))
             except (TypeError, ValueError):
                 pass
         header = headers.get("Retry-After") if headers else None
         if header is not None:
             try:
-                return float(header)
+                value = float(header)
+                if math.isfinite(value):
+                    return max(0.0, min(value, MAX_RETRY_AFTER))
             except (TypeError, ValueError):
                 pass
         return None
@@ -113,9 +137,10 @@ class Webhook:
         """post a json payload to the next pool url; always returns a result
 
         handles 429 (wait + retry, capped by max_retries), 5xx (retry, capped), and
-        timeout/connection errors with optional proxy rotation (burn + next, capped
+        timeout/connection errors: with a proxy provider, burn + rotate to the next
-        by max_proxy_retries). 4xx other than 429 fail immediately. never raises on a
+        proxy (capped by max_proxy_retries) before failing; without one, retried
-        send failure.
+        directly under max_retries like a 5xx. 4xx other than 429 fail immediately.
+        never raises on a send failure.
         """
         url = self._next_url()
         session = self._session
@@ -133,39 +158,59 @@ class Webhook:
     ) -> WebhookResult:
         """status-retry (via commons.aretry) wrapping proxy rotation; never raises
 
-        commons.aretry owns the 429/5xx backoff schedule + retry cap (max_retries),
+        commons.aretry owns the 429/5xx/no-provider-connection-error backoff schedule
-        retrying on the internal _Retryable signal. on exhaustion it re-raises the
+        + retry cap (max_retries), retrying on the internal _Retryable signal. on
-        last _Retryable, whose carried result is the REAL last response (not a
+        exhaustion it re-raises the last _Retryable, whose carried result is the REAL
-        synthetic status-0). proxy rotation on connection errors lives inside the
+        last response (not a synthetic status-0). proxy rotation on connection errors
-        attempt and is capped separately.
+        lives inside the attempt and is capped separately (max_proxy_retries); once a
+        provider's rotation cap is hit that failure is terminal, not retried again
+        via aretry.
         """
-        self._attempt_no = 0
+        counter = [0]
         try:
             return await aretry(
-                lambda: self._attempt(session, url, payload),
+                lambda: self._attempt(session, url, payload, counter),
                 attempts=self.max_retries + 1,
                 on=(_Retryable,),
             )
         except _Retryable as exhausted:
             return exhausted.result
+        except Exception as error:
+            # never-raises safety net: an unexpected error that escapes the attempt (a
+            # closed injected session -> RuntimeError, a malformed proxy url -> ValueError,
+            # anything not aiohttp.ClientError/TimeoutError) must come back as a failed
+            # result, not propagate out of send()
+            log.warning("webhook send failed unexpectedly on %s: %s", url, error, exc_info=True)
+            return WebhookResult(
+                ok=False, status=None, url=url, attempts=counter[0] or 1,
+                error=f"{type(error).__name__}: {error}",
+            )
 
     async def _attempt(
-        self, session: aiohttp.ClientSession, url: str, payload: Dict
+        self, session: aiohttp.ClientSession, url: str, payload: Dict, counter: List[int]
     ) -> WebhookResult:
         """one logical send: proxy rotation + a single POST; may raise _Retryable
 
         raises _Retryable (carrying the real response) on a 429/5xx so the caller's
         aretry applies backoff; honors an explicit 429 retry_after by sleeping it
-        before signalling. returns a final WebhookResult on success or a terminal
+        before signalling. a connection/timeout error also raises _Retryable when no
-        (non-retryable) failure — never lets a provider/connection error escape.
+        proxy provider is set, so it retries under aretry's backoff + max_retries
+        instead of failing one-shot; with a provider, the same error first drives
+        burn+rotate up to max_proxy_retries, and only becomes terminal (not retried
+        via aretry) once that cap is hit. returns a final WebhookResult on success or
+        a terminal (non-retryable) failure — never lets a provider error escape.
+
+        `counter` is a per-call mutable cell ([0]) owned by the calling `_send_loop`,
+        so the attempt count is local to one `send()` and concurrent sends on the
+        same instance don't corrupt each other's tally.
         """
         timeout = aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=self.timeout)
         last_proxy: Optional[str] = None
         proxy_tries = 0
 
         while True:
-            self._attempt_no += 1
+            counter[0] += 1
-            attempts = self._attempt_no
+            attempts = counter[0]
             proxy_url = None
             if self._proxies is not None:
                 try:
@@ -200,28 +245,52 @@ class Webhook:
                         error=f"http {status}", response=body, proxy=last_proxy,
                     )
 
-                    wait = self._retry_after(status, resp.headers, body)
+                    if status == 429:
-                    if wait is not None:
+                        # every 429 is retryable; honor an explicit retry_after by
-                        log.warning("webhook 429 on %s; honoring retry_after %.3fs", url, wait)
+                        # sleeping it, but a 429 with no parseable wait (edge/Cloudflare/
-                        await asyncio.sleep(wait)
+                        # generic webhook) still retries under aretry's backoff + cap.
+                        # note: aretry ALSO sleeps its backoff between retries, so an
+                        # honored retry_after is additive (retry_after + backoff) — this
+                        # only ever over-waits, never under-waits the server's hint.
+                        # non-finite values (inf/nan) are rejected and finite values are
+                        # clamped to MAX_RETRY_AFTER by _retry_after, so a server-controlled
+                        # wait can never stall this attempt past a bounded ceiling
+                        wait = self._retry_after(status, resp.headers, body)
+                        if wait is not None:
+                            log.warning("webhook 429 on %s; honoring retry_after %.3fs", url, wait)
+                            await asyncio.sleep(wait)
+                        else:
+                            log.warning("webhook 429 on %s; no retry_after, backing off", url)
                         raise _Retryable(result)
                     if status >= 500:
                         raise _Retryable(result)
                     return result
 
             except (aiohttp.ClientError, asyncio.TimeoutError) as error:
-                if self._proxies is not None and proxy_tries < self.max_proxy_retries:
+                if self._proxies is not None:
-                    if self._burn(last_proxy):
+                    if proxy_tries < self.max_proxy_retries:
-                        proxy_tries += 1
+                        if self._burn(last_proxy):
-                        continue
+                            proxy_tries += 1
+                            continue
+                        return WebhookResult(
+                            ok=False, status=None, url=url, attempts=attempts,
+                            error="proxies exhausted", proxy=last_proxy,
+                        )
                     return WebhookResult(
                         ok=False, status=None, url=url, attempts=attempts,
-                        error="proxies exhausted", proxy=last_proxy,
+                        error=f"{type(error).__name__}: {error}", proxy=last_proxy,
                     )
-                return WebhookResult(
+                # no proxy provider: a connection/timeout error is the single most
+                # retry-worthy failure class (the 5xx equivalent already retries under
+                # aretry) — raise _Retryable so aretry applies backoff + max_retries
+                # instead of failing one-shot. aretry re-raises this same _Retryable on
+                # exhaustion, and _send_loop's `except _Retryable` returns its carried
+                # result, so the never-raises / always-returns-a-WebhookResult contract
+                # still holds after retries run out.
+                raise _Retryable(WebhookResult(
                     ok=False, status=None, url=url, attempts=attempts,
                     error=f"{type(error).__name__}: {error}", proxy=last_proxy,
-                )
+                ))
 
     def _burn(self, proxy: Optional[str]) -> bool:
         """burn the current proxy; return False if it can't be rotated